Mountains can have a significant effect on rainfall. Generally, topographic features regulate surface water quality variables. In 1933, it recorded its lowest temperature of -67.7C. The concept of bivariate elasticity was introduced by Jiang et al (2014) in order to measure the response of water quality parameters to precipitation and temperature [28]. 1996-2023 MDPI (Basel, Switzerland) unless otherwise stated. Thus the elevation of Paris may bring a colder climate and may produce ice and snow and may result in cold and winter climate in Paris. (1) The overall function of the urban agglomeration is weak, the outward function of manufacturing is outstanding, the complementary network is highly complicated and evolving, and the environment and public service and tourism industry have apparent advantages. Sun, Q.-K.; Zhou, L.; Tang, X.-L.; Sun, D.-Q. It depends on how close or how far it is to the equator. how people tried to overcome geographical features and provide for themselves and The 7 main factors are latitude, elevation, nearby water, ocean currents, topography, vegetation, and prevailing winds. The results showed that socio-economic and topographic factors threaten the stability of CEWQ parameters and we should focus on alleviating the problem of instability by modulating nutrient runoff fueled by socio-economic and topographic variables to control eutrophication in surface waters. https://www.mdpi.com/openaccess. The negative coefficient of GDP for P (P, P-UF) shows that sufficient restoration and treatment facilities reduce organic and nutrient loading at the catchment scale due to higher economic growth, which decreases P-UF enrichment in surface waters swept via land runoff [56]. Population density has a positive coefficient for P (P, NO3-F), which may be due to lawn fertilization in urban areas, which drains NO3-F to enrich surface waters [59, 79]. A protocol assesses the planned transport network infrastructure. Topography (the arrangement of natural and human-made physical features of an area) is one feature which affects human population growth. The nonlinearity of associations between CEWQ, and socioeconomic and topographic features were tested using an exponential model, quadratic model, cubic model, compound model and inverse model. Primary concentrations of human Griffith, D.A. Mountainous areas Lett. Moreover, the particular influences on water chemistry exhibit regionalization owing to climatic and non-climatic factors [11, 12]. Economic Network and Economic growth of Urban Agglomeration: A Study based on Big data and network analysis method. The Topography of an area can greatly influence our climate. Though a majority of the population is engaged in agriculture and rarely shift articles published under an open access Creative Common CC BY license, any part of the article may be reused without Thus, from a pedologic perspective, topography is important because it exerts a strong influence on the disposition of energy and matter experienced by soils on the landscape. In order to detect the impact of topography on social factors, we selected the The important geographical factors on the social and political development of Greece are the seas and mountains. The basic answer is that the farther away you get from the earth, the thinner the atmosphere gets. Table 1. Liu, S.; Wang, Y.; Yang, P.; Chevallier, J.; Xiao, Q. Spatial correlation effects of the economic value of green infrastructure (EVGI) on social network: Evidence from China. https://doi.org/10.3390/land12020274, Subscribe to receive issue release notifications and newsletters from MDPI journals, You can make submissions to other journals. GDP is negatively associated with T (T, turbidity). affect farming. Figure 2. ; Chang, H.-Y. A general rule of thumb in understanding weather is warm air rises and cold air sinks. Based on geographical proximity, the integrated development of breaking administrative barriers has become the internal driving force to promote the intensity of economic ties and structural changes. How does topography affect economic development? One of the most important factors in development is geography, where the country is in the world, and climate. Lu, Z.-H. Research on Spatial Economic Linkages of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Agglomeration and Their Impact on Economic Efficiency. Afed U Khan1,2, Jiping Jiang1,3, Peng Wang1,4 and Yi Zheng3, Published 11 October 2017 Latitude or distance from the equator Temperatures drop the further an area is from the equator due to the curvature of the earth. 2023; 12(2):274. Temperature usually decreases by 1C for every 100 metres in altitude. Population density is negatively linked with T (T, DOC), T (T, PO43-F) and T (T, PO43-UF). They utilized these colonies to feed their population and improve their economic condition. Research on the Influence of a High-Speed Railway on the Spatial Structure of the Western Urban Agglomeration Based on Fractal TheoryTaking the ChengduChongqing Urban Agglomeration as an Example. Additional support was provided by the Southern University of Science and Technology (No. The human body reacts to high altitudes. Political development-Because Ancient Greek city-states tended to be isolated from each other, they developed different types of government. Distribution of Land Mass and Water Mass 3. It is of great significance to strengthen the urban connection in the Hexi Corridor and give full play to the overall competitive advantage. Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Yu, J.-K.; Ma, J.-Q. Multi-point coordinated characteristic development mode. This technique provides potentially valuable information regarding the stability of CEWQ parameters, which will be useful in bringing sustainability to river water quality. The analysis indicates that tourism industry keep tight correlation with the economic growth of the global economy while there are so many factors which affect the tourism industry positively and negatively which in the long run or short run affect the global economy of the world negatively and positively. The increasing level of P (P, turbidity) with sub-watershed area may be attributed to several possible reasons: frequent and strong storms that erode the ground surface and re-suspend sediments in surface waters [41], human land use change [6, 42], and stock grazing and agricultural activities [43, 44]. Land 2023, 12, 274. (3) The impact of topographical relief on population and economy was stronger than that of other topographical factors. The relief degree showed a good logarithmic fit relationship with population density (0.911) and economic density (0.874). ; Wu, K. Evolution of industrial investment network in the central core area of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei under the background of functional decentralization. Humans and wild animals face new challenges for survival because of climate change. Rugged terrain restricts the concentration of population in any area. Economic development-Those city-states that were located on the Mediterranean Sea developed strong trading economies over sea trade routes. Moist air will cool as it rises, and then the clouds release the water, causing precipitation like rain or snow. These have been caused by many natural factors, including changes in the sun, emissions from volcanoes, variations in Earth's orbit and levels of carbon dioxide (CO2). Some nonlinear relations are reported in table 1 with their corresponding R2 and P-values which include: P (P, NOx-F) with mean slope (R2=0.624, P=0.001), P (P, PO43-F) with P-manure with (R2=0.624, P=0.001), T (T, NO2-F) with N-manure (R2=0.563, P=0.001), T (T, P-F) with P-fertilizer (R2=0.695, P=0.010) and T (T, P-F) with P-manure (R2=0.920, P=0.000). What are the differences between the three poleis of Athens, Sparta, and Miletus? It can also be considered a subfield or method in economics. Visit our dedicated information section to learn more about MDPI. The present method has a limitation due to the unavailability of monthly data for GDP at the sub-watershed scale. Geography plays a significant role in economic development. A high concentration of sediment load can be modulated via investment in conservative efforts and treatment facilities at catchment scale. Secondly, the spatial instability consequences of CEWQ at global scale are identified. This paper analyzes the industrial functional connection of the Hexi Corridor urban agglomeration through the urban flow intensity and industrial functional complementarity index, calculates the economic connection intensity based on the revised gravity model, and uses social network analysis to explore the evolution of the economic network structure, drawing the following conclusions. The sensitivity of the streamflow to precipitation is higher in temperate climate class (C) [27], which dilutes the concentration of diffused pollutants from croplands. Weather can change from hour-to-hour, day-to-day, month-to-month or even year-to-year. Oymyakon is the coldest permanently-inhabited place on Earth and is found in the Arctic Circle's Northern Pole of Cold. How Does Geography Affect Development? The response of PO43-F and PO43-UF to temperature is inelastic and relatively elastic, and site specific [28]. Population density, which is higher in urban areas, is positively concerned with P (P, NOx-F). According to the results of the network centrality, the city cluster forms four core economic circles, namely Jiujia, Dungua, Zhangye, and Jinwu. Runoff coefficient data was assigned to different watersheds based on climatic class. Although many factors combine to influence weather, the four main ones are solar radiation, the amount of which changes with Earth's tilt, orbital distance from the sun and latitude, temperature, air pressure and the abundance of water. Figure 1. ; Shi, P.-J. There is a ; writingoriginal draft preparation, X.X. ; Liang, C.-B. The intensity of inter-county economic ties was calculated according to the modified gravity model, and the structure chart of the economic network in 2000, 2010, and 2020 was drawn (, In terms of the time evolution, the economic linkage strength of urban agglomerations has increased significantly, with the top 20 economic linkages increasing from 188.46 in 2000 to 1305.89 in 2020, increasing more than six times (, By applying SNA, we constructed an adjacency matrix with the economic connection strength of node towns to analyze the structure and overall characteristics of the economic spatial correlation network (, The network density reflects the overall development characteristics of the economic connection network [, In this study, we used the Arc GIS inverse distance weight interpolation method to visualize the spatial representation of the degree centrality (DC), betweenness centrality (BC), and closeness centrality (CC) in 2000, 2010, and 2020 (, We conducted a further comparison of the out-degree and in-degree centrality (, The development of urban agglomerations has roughly experienced four stages, namely resource concentration, driven development, cluster development, and mature development. Considering the bearing capacity of resources and the environment and integrating valuable industrial resources, four economic synergistic development zones can be built in the future by developing JinchangWuweis new nonferrous metal materials and ecological culture, GanzhouLinze GaotaiMinles emerging industries and ecological culture, DunhuangGuazhous historical and cultural tourism and ecological economy, and JiuquanJiayuguans new energy and historical culture to promote regionally differentiated and synergistic development. Ma, D.; Zhang, C.; Hui, Y.; Xu, B. Factor # 1. There is a positive correlation between relief degree and elevation, and a much stronger correlation between relief degree and slope. those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). several techniques or approaches, or a comprehensive review paper with concise and precise updates on the latest ; Yang, Y.-C.; Pan, J.-G. Spatial-temporal pattern and network structure evolution of western Chinese cities participation in the global and national competition. Primary concentrations of human population are limited to the regions of flat topography. Such a relation shows that the slope is a secondary variable rather than dominant explanatory variable [16, 77]. Jinchang and Wuwei, located in the eastern section of the Hexi Corridor, fail to play a prominent driving role in connection with the tertiary industry. Climatic Factors Affecting Farming. Welcome to Sharing Culture! Certain ocean currents have differenet temperatures. Economic development- Those city-states that were located on the Mediterranean Sea developed strong trading economies over sea trade routes. The mean elevation of sub-watershed follows the literature while the mean slope gives opposite results. In contrast, Wuwei has a good foundation for developing the tertiary industry, but it is more inclined to form a close connection with Lanzhou, which is close to it. Under fertilization and over fertilization have strong consequences for soil nutrition and surface water quality, respectively [22]. Natural Resources. Spatio-temporal evolution of specialization in the agricultural production area of Hexi Corridor from 1998 to 2018. Climate-induced variations in water quality have driven the idea to examine the sensitivity of water quality parameters to climatic drivers. ; Nie, X.-Y. Winds will also be gusty and spotting is more likely. Its no coincidence that the poorest countries are in the (1) The complementary network of industrial functions in urban agglomerations tends to be complicated and compact. Abstract. 12 104012 High-speed rail network and urban agglomeration economies: Research from the perspective of urban network externalities. 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