john of lancaster, 1st duke of bedford

John's eldest sibling was Henry of Monmouth, later King of England as Henry V. John's other siblings were Thomas of Lancaster, Duke of Clarence; Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester; Philippa; and Blanche. In any event Henry of Monmouth shook boorish habits from him as soon as he became king and went off to do what medieval English nobility expected of their monarchs he went to war with someone, gained victory and land. Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Marks of Cadency in the British Royal Family", "Anne, of Burgundy, Duchess of Bedford, 1404?1432", Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research, "John, duke of Bedford's arrangements for the defence of Normandy in October 1434", "Brigandage and Resistance in Lancastrian Normandy: A Study of the Remission Evidence", "The Treaty of Amiens (1423): Towards a Reconsideration", "A Vous Entier: John of Lancaster, 13891435", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_of_Lancaster,_Duke_of_Bedford&oldid=1126474769, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles needing additional references from December 2022, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2015, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the ODNB, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 9 December 2022, at 14:50. Click on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. In the former play, he is portrayed as being present at the Battle of Shrewsbury in 1403, when then aged 14, though no chroniclers of the time mention him.[8]. Size of this PNG preview of this SVG file: I, the copyright holder of this work, hereby publish it under the following license: Add a one-line explanation of what this file represents. So when the Yorkists looked down their nose at Elizabeth Woodville, Jacquettas daughter and King Edward IVs wife, they were forgetting that she was the grand-daughter of a Count and that her mother had once been at the heart of the royal court albeit a Lancastrian one. Learn how your comment data is processed. . Anne died of the plague in Paris in 1432. Bedford died during the congress of Arras in 1435, just as Burgundy was preparing to abandon the English cause and conclude a separate peace with Charles VII of France. John's second wife, Jacquetta of Luxembourg, cousin to the Emperor (the King of Hungary), was mother to Elizabeth Woodville who may be this queen. Error rating book. Bedford was a capable administrator and soldier, and his effective management of the war brought the English to the height of their power in France. Unfortunately, he was left with such an impossible situation to deal with in France, but dealt with it to the best of his abilities. He was born in 1389. . [S98] #18 Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der europischen Staaten (1953-1978), Isenburg, Wilhelm Karl , Prinz von and Frank Baron von Freytag-Loringhoven, (5 volumes. How to say John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford in English? In reality, it was the Earl of Westmorland who talked down the rebels. Despite his military and administrative talent, the situation in France had severely deteriorated by the time of his death.[1]. The Duke of Bedford spent time governing from Rouen in Normandy and carried out the English establishment of control and command of the English military in France. The following pages on the English Wikipedia use this file (pages on other projects are not listed): (SVG file, nominally 410 478 pixels, file size: 806 KB). ., La Chesnaye-Desbois, Franois Alexandre Aubert de, (3rd edition. 3 p. 173, vol. [S25] #798 The Wallop Family and Their Ancestry, Watney, Vernon James, (4 volumes. He is better known in history as the First Duke of Bedford. John of Lancaster was born the third son of Henry Bolingbroke, eldest son and heir of John of Gaunt, third surviving son of King Edward III. Within the Cite this article tool, pick a style to see how all available information looks when formatted according to that style. Appears in: Henry IV, Part 1; Henry IV, Part 2; Henry V; Henry VI, Part 1. [6][a] The couple were happily married, despite being childless. He was a grandson of John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, a son of King Edward III. Bedford was a capable administrator and soldier, and his effective management of the war brought the English to the height of their power in France. Bedford was declared Regent of France, his nephew technically being heir to the throne of that country as well as to the Kingdom of England. In 1988, Breton nationalists erected a statue in his honour on the site. The three most important surviving manuscripts of his are the Bedford Hours (British Library Ms Add 18850) and the Salisbury Breviary (Paris BnF Ms Lat. Alternatively, though equally incorrect, the arms may be her mother's used in a flattering conceit. The three most important surviving manuscripts of his are the Bedford Hours (British Library Add MS 18850) and the Salisbury Breviary (Paris BnF Ms Lat. As a son of the sovereign, John bore the Royal arms of his father King Henry IV, differenced by a label of five points per pale ermine and France. John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford KG was a medieval English prince, general and statesman who commanded England's armies in France during a critical p. This marriage was also childless, although Jacquetta went on to have more than a dozen children in her second marriage to Richard Woodville (later Earl Rivers). Therefore, its best to use Encyclopedia.com citations as a starting point before checking the style against your school or publications requirements and the most-recent information available at these sites: http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html. In 1562, his grave was destroyed by Calvinists. [9], In the Bedford Book of Hours,[10] these arms are shown supported by an eagle collared with a crown and a sable yale all on a gold field sewn with gold "wood stocks" (cut tree stumps with roots), a heraldic badge of King Edward III, referring to Woodstock Palace. He dies while sitting in a chair at Rouen, just after he hears the patriotic screams of his fellow countrymen. John's second marriage was to Jacquetta of Luxembourg, on 22 April 1433 at Throuanne in northern France. Bedford was the third son of King Henry IV of England, brother to Henry V, and acted as regent of France for his nephew Henry VI. John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford (20 June 1389 14 September 1435), also known as John Plantagenet, was the third surviving son of King Henry IV of England by Mary de Bohun, and acted as Regent of France for his nephew, King Henry VI. Refresh and try again. definition - John_of_Lancaster,_1st_Duke_of_Bedford. The Bretons were so moved by the impoverished state of Jeans son Jean II that Nicole de Chtillon-Blois married him on 18 June 1437, bringing a large dowry that was vastly supplemented when she inherited the fabulously wealthy County of Penthievre in Brittany. ." [S443] #2051 Memorials of the Family of Scott of Scot's-hall in the County of Kent, Scott, James Renat, (2 volumes. 1 pt. Despite his military and administrative . Son of Henry IV of England and Mary de Bohun, Countess of Derby John of Lancaster was born in Rouen, Normandy on 20 June 1389, the third surviving son of King Henry IV of England and Mary de Bohun. However, difficulties mounted after the arrival of Joan of Arc, and his efforts were further thwarted by political divisions at home and the wavering of England's key ally, Duke Philip of Burgundy and his faction, the Burgundians. 19 volumes. Marburg: J.A. Encyclopedia.com. [citation needed], There is a Queen's Arms public house sign from Birmingham[11] which uses these supporters reversed and with an argent yale uncollared on a shield showing the English royal arms at left and to the right six divisions representing Lorraine. John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford (20 June 1389 - 14 September 1435), also known as John Plantagenet, was the third surviving son of King Henry IV of England by Mary de Bohun, and acted as Regent of France for his nephew, King Henry VI. John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford (20 June 1389-14 September 1435) was the third son of Henry IV of England and brother to King Henry V of England.He was one of the leading English commanders during the Hundred Years' War.. Yolande retired to Saumur in Anjou, the site of a famous shrine to the Breton saint Aubin. Born in the Zaragoza in Spain, she was a much sought after heiress and her daughter Marie was Queen to King Charles VII the Victorious of France, whom Yolande had protected from the Burgundians and his own mother, Queen Isabeau. John died in 1435 during the Congress of Arras at his Castle of Joyeux Repos in Rouen and was buried at Rouen Cathedral, near Henry the Young King. He became the guardian of Henry's infant son Henry VI and became regent on his behalf. preface lxiv. A daughter of Charles VI of France, she was married to Henry V of England and gave birth to his heir Henry VI of England.Catherine's marriage was part of a plan to eventually place Henry V on the throne of France, and perhaps end what is now known as the Hundred Years' War . Since the conditions of the Treaty of Troyes in 1420 had specified that Henry V would become King of France following the death of the French King Charles VI, it became clear that an infant would now be king of two kingdoms very soon. He appears in William Shakespeare's plays Henry IV, Part 1 and Henry IV, Part 2 as John of Lancaster, and in Henry V and Henry VI, Part 1 as Duke of Bedford. Johns second wife was the seventeen year old Jacquetta of Luxembourg, daughter of Peter I, Count of Saint-Pol. Her name was Joan of Arc. Original file (SVG file, nominally 410 478 pixels, file size: 806 KB). John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford Born: June 20, 1389 Died: September 14, 1435 Rouen, France (Age 46) John in History John of Lancaster was born the third son of Henry Bolingbroke, eldest son and heir of John of Gaunt, third surviving son of King Edward III. Paris: Schlessinger frres, 1863-1877), FHL microfilms 661873-661882., p. 834. He died in 1435 at the age of forty-six at the siege of Rouen. When Joan of Arc was captured by the English, Jean sold all his family silver to raise another army and seized the town where Joan was held. pp. The last impression one is given of Bedford by Shakespeare is a fairly positive one: he is a loyal servant of the crown who gave his life for his king, cause and country. The Oxford Companion to British History. [S37] #93 [Book version] The Dictionary of National Biography: from the Earliest Times to 1900 (1885-1900, reprint 1993), Stephen, Leslie, (22 volumes. [citation needed], Several authoritative sources are cited by the. Unfortunately, John of Lancaster had moved her to Rouen where he executed her. He was created Earl of Kendal, Earl of Richmond and Duke of Bedford in 1414 by his brother, King Henry V. When Henry V died in 1422, Bedford vied with his younger brother, Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, for control of the Kingdom. [5] She was executed at Rouen on 30 May 1431. John de Teye Via Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Fitzalan%2C_Countess_of_Hereford#/media/File:Psalter_of_Mary_de_Bohun_and_Henry_Bolingbroke_1380-85_Abigail.jpg Public Domain, Thomas of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Clarence, Humphrey of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Gloucester. Bedford, John of Lancaster, duke of Bedford, John of Lancaster, duke of, 1389-1435, English nobleman; third son of Henry IV of England and brother of Henry V. At the death (1422) of his brother and succession of his 9-month-old nephew, Henry VI, Bedford was designated as regent of France and protector of England. "Joan of Arc By Herself and Her Witnesses", pp. Hereinafter cited as Britain's Royal Families. John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford, KG (20 June 138914 September 1435), was a medieval English nobleman, soldier, and statesman. John, Duke of Lancaster led English armies against the Kingdom of Scotland while his brother fought the French in mainland Europe. Yolande taught Margaret etiquette, literature and accounting: had she married a sane king, Margaret would have been a great asset to England. However, difficulties mounted after the arrival of Joan of Arc, and his efforts were further thwarted by political divisions at home and the wavering of England's key ally, Duke Philip of Burgundy and his faction, the Burgundians. Bedford defeated the French several times, notably at the Battle of Verneuil, until the arrival of Joan of Arc rallied the opposition. Cite this article Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. The Hours were supposedly produced as a courtship present from John to his wife, Anne, daughter of John the Fearless of Burgundy. Refer to each styles convention regarding the best way to format page numbers and retrieval dates. Morton, 1914), FHL book Folio 942.9 D2gr; FHL microfilm 468,334., p. I. Geni requires JavaScript! Military Wiki is a FANDOM Lifestyle Community. Bedford was the third son of King Henry IV of England, brother to Henry V, and acted as regent of France for his nephew Henry VI. He married Jacquette de Luxembourg (c1415-1472) 1433 JL Brandon managed a spectacular career from modest beginnings. The Duke of Bedford spent time governing from Rouen in Normandy and carried out the English establishment of control and command of the English military in France. Hereinafter cited as The Complete Peerage, Volume XIV. Welcome back. While negotiating the Treaty of Arras, he died at his home and was buried at Rouen Cathedral. 3). All are lavishly decorated and famous examples of the style of the period. Catherine of Valois or Catherine of France (27 October 1401 - 3 January 1437) was Queen of England from 1420 until 1422. When Henry V died in 1422, Bedford vied with his younger brother, Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, for control of the Kingdom. Today, a plaque marks its former location. Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia.com cannot guarantee each citation it generates. A son of Sir William Brandon, standar, duke. Most online reference entries and articles do not have page numbers. His brother, Henry V, led a campaign against France in 1415. Alternatively, though equally incorrect, the arms may be her mother's used in a flattering conceit. Bartholomew de Badlesmere, 1st Baron Badlesmere, 14. There was also the small matter of Humphrey antagonizing the next most important man in the kingdom during Henry VIs minority Henry Beaufort who was the Bishop of Lincoln, a key figure on the regency council and the half-uncle of Henry IVs children. After Joan was captured by Burgundian troops at Compiegne and then transferred to the English, Bedford had her put on trial by clergy who are listed in English government records and described by eyewitnesses as pro-English collaborators. 11 T 26. The shield is surrounded with a pair of banners gules which reverse in argent with the motto repeated four times: A vous entier (To you / yours entire[ly]). Johns died at Rouen in 1435 during negations with the Burgundians who were breaking their alliance with the English to make a separate peace with the French. Husband of Anne de Burgundy and Jacquetta of Luxembourg, Countess Rivers After his father's accession to the throne of England as Henry IV, John of Lancaster began to accumulate lands and lucrative offices. In the last years of Bedford's life, the conflict devolved into a war of attrition, and he became increasingly unable to gather the necessary funds to prosecute the conflict. By the late 1420's, however, the French, under the guidance of the new King Charles VII and a young girl named Joan of Arc, began to fight back furiously. As to Arthur, the English captured him at Agincourt and imprisoned him for several years. In June 1433, Jean died penniless and in debt. http://histfam.familysearch.org/getperson.php?personID=I1123&tree=E http://histfam.familysearch.org/getperson.php?personID=I10386&tree= http://histfam.familysearch.org/getperson.php?personID=I197520&tree http://www.luminarium.org/encyclopedia/bedford.htm, http://www.thepeerage.com/p10187.htm#i101867. [6][a] The couple were happily married, despite being childless. The shield is surrounded with a pair of banners gules which reverse in argent with the motto repeated four times: A vous entier (To you / yours entire[ly]). The couple were happily married, despite being childless. - John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford. In 1416, Henry placed John in command of a fleet taking supplies to Harfleur, which overcame a fleet of the Franco-Genoese navy. He was an extremely important commissioner of illuminated manuscripts, both from Paris (from the Bedford Master and his workshop) and England. Select from premium John Of Lancaster 1st Duke Of Bedford of the highest quality. Elizabeth Woodville suggested amendments to one of Anthonys books and may have also been a patron of Caxtons. In, Norfolk, Thomas Mowbray, 1st duke of (136699). He was knighted on 12 October 1399 at his father's coronation and made a Knight of the Garter by 1402. Bedford was able to push back the Scots and recapture Berwick-Upon-Tweed and later recaptured other lost English territories. He was buried at Rouen Cathedral, Rouen, Caux, France.[3]. He appears in William Shakespeare's plays Henry IV, Part 1, and Henry IV, Part 2, as John of Lancaster, and in Henry V and Henry VI, Part 1, as the Duke of Bedford. 16567. John of Lancaster, Duke of Bedford KG (20 June 1389 14 September 1435) was a medieval English prince, general and statesman who commanded England's armies in France during a critical phase of the Hundred Years' War. John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford (20 June 1389 - 14 September 1435), also known as John Plantagenet, was the third surviving son of King Henry IV of England by Mary de Bohun, and acted as Regent of France for his nephew, King Henry VI . John of Lancaster, First Duke of Bedford. Arms of John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford.svg, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0, Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Sodacan, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported, Jan van Lancaster, 1ste Hertog van Bedford, Obansk vlka mezi Armagnaky a Burgunany, , Liste des hritiers du trne d'Angleterre, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Arms_of_John_of_Lancaster,_1st_Duke_of_Bedford.svg. Henry Plantagenet, 3rd Earl of Lancaster (= 20). Bedford was a capable administrator and soldier, and his effective management of the war brought the English to the height of their power in France. There is a Queen's Arms public house sign from Birmingham [6] which uses these supporters reversed and with an argent yale uncollared on a shield showing the English royal arms at left and to the right six divisions representing Lorraine. He was lieutenant of the kingdom during Henry's absences in France. Bedford defeated the French several times, most notably at the Battle of Verneuil, until the arrival of Joan of Arc rallied the opposition. This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used to create or digitize it. In 2 Henry IV he is portrayed in a negative light when he dupes the Archbishop and Earl Marshal into dismissing their army, before arresting them for treason. 1389-1435. He was created Earl of Kendal, Earl of Richmond and Duke of Bedford in 1414 by his brother, King Henry V. On 14 June 1423, at Troyes, he married Anne, daughter of John the Fearless. This may be a pun on the German Tier, i.e., beast, or on (English) tears or 'tiers' of meaning, including tierce, referring to himself as third in line to his father's throne and by now rightful king but for the baby Henry VI. (Incidentally, Coco Chanel was born in Saumur.). English soldier and statesman who was regent of England and France during the early reign . In the last years of Bedford's life, the conflict devolved into a war of attrition, and he became increasingly unable to gather the necessary funds to prosecute the conflict. Although Bedford was able to maintain his brother's achievements in France for several years after his death, the situation was becoming impossible to maintain. John of Lancaster, Duke of Bedford KG (20 June 1389 14 September 1435) was a medieval English prince, general and statesman who commanded England's armies in France during a critical phase of the Hundred Years' War. [5] She was executed at Rouen on 30 May 1431. Today, a plaque marks its former location. However, difficulties mounted after the arrival of Joan of Arc, and his efforts were further thwarted by political divisions at home and the wavering of England's key ally, Duke Philip of Burgundy and his faction, the Burgundians. Between 1403 and 1405, grants of the forfeited lands from the House of Percy and of the alien priory of Ogbourne, Wiltshire, considerably increased his income. Alternatively, though equally incorrect, the arms may be her mother's used in a flattering conceit. Bedford was the third son of King Henry IV of England, brother to Henry V, and acted as regentof Francefor his nephew Henry VI. ", http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John,_Duke_of_Bedford, http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=93572472. Therefore, be sure to refer to those guidelines when editing your bibliography or works cited list. London: Scott, Clevelands, Walthamstow, 1876), FHL book Q 929.242 Sco84sk., p. 170. Bedford had been Governor in Normandy between 1422 and 1432, where the University of Caen was founded under his auspices. Please enable JavaScript in your browser's settings to use this part of Geni. The Hours were supposedly produced as a courtship present from John to his wife, Anne, daughter of John the Fearless of Burgundy. When John of Lancaster 1st Duke of Bedford was born on 20 June 1389, in Kenilworth, Warwickshire, England, his father, Henry IV, was 22 and his mother, Mary de Bohun, was 21. 3 p. 726. Bolingbroke was crowned King of England, as Henry IV, on 13 October 1399. Bedford was declared regent, but concentrated on the ongoing war in France, while Gloucester acted as Lord Protector of England during his absence. In addition to the MLA, Chicago, and APA styles, your school, university, publication, or institution may have its own requirements for citations. His father, Henry Bolingbroke, was exiled in 1399 by his cousin, Richard II, when his father participated in the revolt of the Lords Appellant in 1388, the year before his birth. 29 p. 427-435. He was able to capture the city of Harfleur and went on to secure one of the greatest English victories of the Hundred Years' War, at the Battle of Agincourt in October 1415. Suggested amendments to one of Anthonys books and may have also been a patron of.! 'S coronation and made a Knight of the highest quality - John of Gaunt Duke... Better known in history as the Complete Peerage, Volume XIV within the Cite this article tool, a. Enable JavaScript in your browser 's settings to use this Part of Geni his home and was buried Rouen. At that time 929.242 Sco84sk., p. I. Geni requires JavaScript, FHL microfilms 661873-661882., p. I. Geni JavaScript... And her Witnesses '', pp contains additional information, probably added the... Queen of England, as Henry IV, Part 1 a courtship present John. How all available information looks when formatted according to that style Herself and Witnesses... Mowbray, 1st Duke of Bedford 1876 ), FHL book Q 929.242,! 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