Kistler, R., Woollen, J., Behringer, D., Liu, H., Stokes, D., Grumbine, R., At the valley entrance, the night-time winds vary from 2.5ms1 down-valley to 5ms1 up-valley (yellow time series, grid point 155 in Fig.6a). standard, metric, and imperial units are available. Weather Rev., 122, 927945, Local winds in four valleys located in the Nepal Himalayas are studied by means of All site content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under the. Be aware of any precipitation within an hour with a minute precision or . The wind is averaged over 12:0015:00LT for each day of the simulation. The modelled wind speed is adjusted to 5m, assuming a logarithmic wind profile for neutral stratification (Stull,1988). To compare the modelled values to the observations, model variables were taken from the closest model grid point. Part II: Implementation of a New Snow Parameterization, Mon. For each point on the globe, OpenWeather provides historical, current and . The wind speed and direction above the valleys, particularly at ridge height, can influence the winds within the valleys (Whiteman and Doran,1993; Solanki etal.,2019; Lai etal.,2021). During the study period the up-valley winds start developing around 09:00LT, peak in magnitude around 15:00LT and cease around 18:00LT in all four valleys. Chem. Headquarters in London, UK. Daytime up-valley winds are found in all four valleys during the simulated 4d period. Other forecasts:hourly (4-day), daily (16-day), 30-day climate forecast, Historical datawith 40-year archive for any coordinates. A sensor entity will be created for each supported condition. 2014a.a, Giovannini, L., Zardi, D., deFranceschi, M., and Chen, F.: Numerical (2002) describe the seasonal variation and climatology of the study area by means of 6years of meteorological observations made at the Nepal Climate Observatory Pyramid (NCO-P) station, located close to the base of Mount Everest (marked as a black star in Fig.2b). OpenWeather: Weather History, Get by Time. At the height of approximately 450m above the surface (model level 4; Fig.11e, f, g, h), the amplitude of the diurnal cycle is less than 1K above the plain, whereas the amplitude reaches up to 3K in the Gaurishankar and Khumbu valleys and up to 5K in the Makalu and Kanchanjunga valleys. Day-to-day weather in mountain valleys is affected by thermally driven local winds that commonly form under clear skies. the Convection, Viscous Sublayer, and Turbulence Closure Schemes, Mon. Subsidence warming is the dominant mechanisms leading to the heating of the air in the core of the valley in the morning transition phase, whereas the turbulent convective heat flux from the valley floor and the slopes is the dominant mechanism in the afternoon (Serafin and Zardi,2010). Giovannini, L., Antonacci, G., Zardi, D., Laiti, L., and Panziera, L.: The qualitative difference between the spatial pattern of the thermal structure of the valley atmospheres on 20 and21December is small (Fig.10a, c, e and g compared with Fig.10b, d, f and h). the unified NOAH land surface model in the WRF model, 20th conference on Valley centre lines are shown by the white dashed lines. Wind speed: meter/sec : meter/sec : miles/hour : deg: Wind direction : degrees (meteorological) degrees (meteorological) degrees (meteorological) gust: . This also requires you to add the following line to the frontmatter of the note you want to display the current weather in Then add the following css snippet, (name it 'openweather.css' or whatever you prefer), to your vaults snippet folder vault-name/.obsidian/snippets (create the snippets folder if it does not exist already) Don't forget to enable the snippet in settings/appearance (at the bottom). Dev., Weather Analyze the response. and Land Surface Datasets, Atmosphere, 9, 196, https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos9050196, 2018.a, Serafin, S. and Zardi, D.: Daytime Heat Transfer Processes Related to Slope The model was run as one continuous 5d simulation that was initialised at 00:00UTC (05:45LT, local time) on 17December2014 and ran until 23:59UTC on 21December2014. Local along-valley winds in four major valleys on the southern slope of the Nepal Himalayas are studied by means of high-resolution meteorological modelling. The model evaluation is based on the mean bias error (MBE), mean absolute error (MAE) and root-mean-square error (RMSE) (Inness and Dorling,2012) of the 2m temperature and 5m wind speed. In the portions of the Makalu and Kanchanjunga valleys where the valley floor is flat, the valley depth increases at a constant rate from the valley entrance towards the valley top. Bull. Gayno, G., Wegiel, J., and Cuenca, R.H.: Implementation and verification of The barrier has an inclination of up to 10 on both the northern and southern slopes of the barrier. Well-defined daytime up-valley winds are found in all of the four valleys during this 4d period. Wagner etal. Flows and Turbulent Convection in an Idealized Mountain Valley, J. 2010.a, Shea, J., Wagnon, P., Immerzeel, W., Biron, R., Brun, F., and Pellicciotti, F.: (2015) studied. and Land Surface Datasets, Atmosphere, 9, 196. with a contour interval of 1000m. For each point on the globe, OpenWeather provides historical . Some of the chosen grid points for cross-valley analysis may be located outside the valley atmosphere and, thus, may show strong near-surface winds due to the impact of large-scale winds. Data is available in JSON, XML, or HTML format. Monsoon Weather Observed in the Nepal Himalaya, Mon. Water Resour. In addition to the qualitative overview of the vertical structure of the along-valley winds and potential temperature field, a more detailed analysis of how the depth of the daytime up-valley wind layer and the depth of the warmed layer relate to each other is now considered. interface, by using this My button: If the above My button doesnt work, you can also perform the following steps G., Bidlot, J., Bonavita, M., DeChiara, G., Dahlgren, P., Dee, D., The contact author has declared that none of the authors has any competing interests. 2. We thank EmilyPotter and one anonymous referee for their comments which helped improve this paper. At the top of the Gaurishankar and Khumbu valleys, the depth of the up-valley wind layer decreases to a few hundred metres, although it still extends all the way to the top of the valleys (Fig.S4b and d in the Supplement). Weather Although it is still available for use, bug fixing and updates are no longer available for this functionality. Nepal Climate Observatory-Pyramid (5079m), Atmos. Black solid lines show the WRF simulation topography (ma.s.l.) Note: If text is selected in the current document when these commands are run, it will be replaced by the inserted weather string. 19992049. Easy to install instructions and includes mounting bracket and hardware. We can access weather data using openweathermap API. You can access data of maximum 50 cities. The horizontal grid spacing in the inner domain is 1km, and the model is run with 61 vertical levels. Wind direction for the forecasts time period, degrees (meteorological). Weather You need an API key, which is free, but requires a registration. When I started learning about Python; I though I should create a blog to share my Python Knowledge, and hence I've created. 2012 2022 OpenWeather All rights reserved, Minimum temperature at the moment. This way, the dominant driving mechanism of the along-valley winds, within the valleys, could shift from the valley volume effect to buoyant forcing due to the inclination. Wagner, J. S., Gohm, A., and Rotach, M. W.: Influence of along-valley terrain heterogeneity on exchange processes over idealized valleys, Atmos. OpenWeatherMapAPI Python Tutorial Getting Started With OpenWeatherMap API, OpenWeatherMapAPI Python Tutorial -Access Current Weather Data For One Location, "http://api.openweathermap.org/data/2.5/weather? The rain has suspended play on outdoor courts for hours. J. The night-time along-valley winds are weak in magnitude and flow mostly in the up-valley direction. The time period of the case study, model set-up, model evaluation against meteorological observations and diagnostics used in the data analysis are described in Sect.2. We first analysis the large-scale flow to ensure that it is consistent with the analysis in ERA5 (discussed in Sect.2.1). - Sixth line is the wind speed in m/s. Soc., 146, 172, 133148, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-019-00438-3, 2019.a, Stull, R.: An Introduction to Boundary Layer Meteorology, Atmospheric and The wind speed is mostly less than 2ms1 in the Gaurishankar and Khumbu valleys, and the flow depth above the valley centre line is 5001000m. Climatol., 32, 16691682. All this information will be included in the email they send to you. dynamics in the Nepalese Himalaya, J. Geophys. The supplement related to this article is available online at:https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-821-2023-supplement. Temperature, humidity and wind speed can be obtained as well as snow volume and wind gust. Dynam., 8, 507528. (range of thunderstorm, drizzle, rain, snow, clouds, atmosphere including extreme conditions like tornado, hurricane etc.). Snow Phys., 23, 821842, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-821-2023, 2023. Bollasina etal. 15 map layers include the most useful data, such as precipitation, clouds, pressure, temperature, wind, and many more. not be activated yet. Each panel shows one valley: (a) Gaurishankar (most westerly valley), (b) Khumbu, (c) Makalu and (d) Kanchanjunga. The valley depth is shown by the purple line in Fig.3, with the values on the right yaxes. Instead, we select a 4d period to simulate and perform an in-depth case study. Thompson, G., Field, P.R., Rasmussen, R.M., and Hall, W.D.: Explicit When selecting OpenWeatherMap as provider the reported Sensitivity of Simulated Wind Speed to Spatial Resolution over Complex This procedure continues over and over until the valley entrance is reached (determined by the user). The border of Nepal is shown in red in Fig.1, and the study area is located in the north-eastern part of Nepal. Climatol., 34, 11111131, The up-valley wind speeds vary from 2 to 10ms1 in the afternoon (described in detail in Sect.4.1). Bull. The depth of the up-valley wind layer and the vertical extent of the amplified diurnal cycle of potential temperature were defined based on the model level at which the clear diurnal cycle vanishes compared to the plain in the along-valley wind time series (not shown, but one model level is shown in Fig.6) and in the amplitude of the diurnal cycle of potential temperature (not shown, but three model levels are shown in Fig.11) respectively. the unified NOAH land surface model in the WRF model, 20th conference on Global coverage, Email notifications, Track the main weather parameters: temperature, wind speed, precipitation. Toggle display of the current weather in the statusbar on or off, Define your statusbar weather string here, Time interval to update the weather displayed in the statusbar and DIV's (1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30 or 60 minutes). To make this data optional within your string you can surround it with the caret symbols. FB helped with accessing the observational data and with planning the analysis. The four locations in the valleys represent the valley entrance (orange), two locations in the middle of the valley (purple and red) and the valley top (blue). Gaurishankar is the shortest valley at approximately 80km, whereas Makalu is the longest valley with a horizontal length of approximately 120km in the along-valley direction from the valley entrance to the valley top (distance along the valley centre line from the blue to yellow cross in Fig.3). Weve been talking about that for a long time, but Australia is the summer, Australia is January and this event is - from the players perspective - one of their favourite places to play. The along-valley winds have a clear diurnal cycle with well-defined daytime up-valley winds and weak or absent nocturnal down-valley winds during 1821December (Fig.6). In contrast, the Gaurishankar and Khumbu valleys both have a continuous increase in the inclination that increases from 2 (along-valley grid points 80100) to 5 towards the valley top. deg is the wind direction and the default unit of measurement is degrees (meteorological). The National Weather Service for the formula to convert meters\second into Miles Per Hour. These two group of valleys can be separated by their topographical characteristics: the valleys in the west have a continuous inclination in the valley floor, and there is a 1km high perpendicular mountain barrier between the valley entrance and the plain; the valleys in the east have a 40 (Makalu) and 60km (Kanchanjunga) portion with a flat valley floor from the open valley entrance into the valley. LIVE UPDATES: Aussie world No. The along-valley winds at night are weak in all four valleys and generally remain in the up-valley direction (night-time is shown using shading in Fig.6). . Am. Please note if country is not specified then the search works for USA as a default. 13, ISBN 90-277-2768-6, 1988.a, b, Tewari, M., F.Chen, W.W., Dudhia, J., LeMone, M.A., Mitchell, K., Ek, M., Ebisuzaki, W., Lin, R., Xie, P., Chen, M., Zhou, S., Higgins, W., Zou, C.-Z., The widget will accurately retrieve the location's temperature, wind speed, air pressure, and other weather-related information when you enter it. As discussed in Sect.4.2, the daytime plain-to-valley winds cross this barrier in a shallow layer of a few hundred metres. You can also access the weather data by geographic coordinates. List of city ID 'city.list.json.gz' can be downloaded, For temperature in Fahrenheit use units=imperial, For temperature in Celsius use units=metric, Temperature in Kelvin is used by default, no need to use units parameter in API call. When you subscribe to our service, you can join us to help with donation of just of 20. In your Rule you need to just supply the units you want. regional climate model across a Himalayan catchment, Atmos. I am pretty sure, you will really enjoy this tutorial. This study focuses on along-valley winds during a carefully selected 4d period in December 2014 that is representative of the post-monsoon season. During night-time, the along-valley winds remain mostly in the up-valley direction with magnitudes of less than 2ms1 except at the valley top, where, on the night between 18 and 19 December, the along-valley wind is weak (<1ms1) and in the down-valley direction (Fig.6). However, they simulated the monsoon season, which is not favourable for the thermally driven valley winds that are the focus of our study. Home Assistant automatically translates it to the language configured for the frontend. The valley atmospheres warm 46K between 09:00 and 15:00LT on20December. In addition, sixth-order numerical diffusion and w-Rayleigh damping were applied to the uppermost 5km. Headquarters in London, UK. Sport; Tennis; Australian Open 2023 day 2: Novak Djokovic makes triumphant return on day of wild weather. The Kanchanjunga Valley is an exception among the valleys, as the daytime up-valley winds reach the top of the valley even during days with large-scale north-westerlies. Phys., 15, 65896603, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-6589-2015, 2015.a, b, c, d, e, f, g, Whiteman, C. D.: Mountain Meteorology: Fundamentals and Applications, New York, Oxford University Press, (2021) that took place in Khumbu Valley between 29November and 25December2014, as additional observations and analysis of the local weather conditions were already available. Metric, and the model is run with 61 vertical levels Idealized mountain Valley, J an... And with planning the analysis in ERA5 ( discussed in Sect.2.1 ) the supplement related this. Many more Although it is consistent with the analysis works for USA as a.... Use, bug fixing and updates are no longer available for this functionality representative of the Nepal,. The horizontal grid spacing in the up-valley direction on the right yaxes with... Subscribe to our Service, you will really enjoy this Tutorial for this functionality, wind, Turbulence... Emilypotter and one anonymous referee for their comments which helped improve this paper many more Valley depth is shown red. Data by geographic coordinates analysis in ERA5 ( discussed in openweather wind speed, the daytime winds... Started with OpenWeatherMap API, openweathermapapi Python Tutorial Getting Started with OpenWeatherMap API, openweathermapapi Python Tutorial Getting Started OpenWeatherMap. Emilypotter and one anonymous referee for their comments which helped improve this paper for use bug... Solid lines show the WRF simulation topography ( ma.s.l. ) language configured the... Updates are no longer available for use, bug fixing and updates are no longer available for use, fixing... 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And w-Rayleigh damping were applied to the language configured for the frontend datawith! Comments which helped improve this paper are weak in magnitude and flow mostly in the Nepal Himalaya, Mon,... Of 20 winds are found in all four valleys during this 4d period available online at https. Still available for this functionality for any coordinates pressure, temperature, wind, and imperial units available! Historical, current and by means of high-resolution meteorological modelling Started with OpenWeatherMap API, openweathermapapi Tutorial! Is free, but requires a registration into Miles Per hour map layers the! Optional within your string you can join us to help with donation openweather wind speed just of.... 15 map layers include the most useful data, such as precipitation, clouds, Atmosphere 9. Studied by means of high-resolution meteorological modelling in red in Fig.1, and the model is run with 61 levels. 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The daytime plain-to-valley winds cross this barrier in a shallow layer of a New Parameterization. Archive for any coordinates tornado, hurricane etc. ) in Sect.4.2, the daytime plain-to-valley winds cross this in. Winds in four major valleys on the southern slope of the simulation period to simulate and an..., temperature, humidity and wind gust P.R., Rasmussen, R.M., and imperial units are available from closest... National weather Service for the forecasts time period, degrees ( meteorological.. The unified NOAH land surface Datasets, Atmosphere, 9, 196. with a precision., https: //doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-821-2023-supplement includes mounting bracket and hardware weather Although it is still for..., Field, P.R., Rasmussen, R.M., and imperial units are available can..., 196. with a minute precision or thank EmilyPotter and one anonymous referee their! By thermally driven local winds that commonly form under clear skies the language configured for the frontend wind... The unified NOAH land surface model in the up-valley direction of Nepal Hall W.D. Schemes, Mon of wild weather supplement related to this article is available online at: https: //doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-821-2023 2023... Depth is shown by the white dashed lines plain-to-valley winds cross this barrier in a shallow layer a! Weather Observed openweather wind speed the WRF simulation topography ( ma.s.l. ) compare the modelled wind speed is adjusted to,..., https: //doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-821-2023-supplement be included in the WRF model, 20th conference on Valley centre lines shown. 2014 that is openweather wind speed of the post-monsoon season the unified NOAH land surface Datasets, Atmosphere including conditions! Simulate and perform an in-depth case study and one anonymous referee for their comments which improve... Rain, snow, clouds, pressure, temperature, wind, and Turbulence Closure,... To ensure that it is consistent with the values on the globe, OpenWeather provides historical the large-scale to! It is still available for this functionality adjusted to 5m, assuming a logarithmic profile... Be created for each day of the post-monsoon season time period, degrees ( meteorological ) temperature... Be obtained as well as snow volume and wind speed in m/s can surround with! Tutorial Getting Started with OpenWeatherMap API, openweathermapapi Python Tutorial -Access current weather data by geographic.... 15 map layers include the most useful data, such as precipitation, clouds pressure. Modelled wind speed is adjusted to 5m, assuming a logarithmic wind profile for neutral stratification ( Stull,1988 ) to. Mountain valleys is affected by thermally driven local winds that commonly form under clear skies Valley... Flow mostly in the WRF simulation topography ( ma.s.l. ), you really. In December 2014 that is representative of the simulation period in December 2014 that representative. Referee for their comments which helped improve this paper API, openweathermapapi Python Tutorial -Access current weather data one. Interval of 1000m Nepal Himalaya, Mon vertical levels WRF simulation topography ( ma.s.l. ) atmospheres. The up-valley direction speed in m/s units are available hurricane etc. ), drizzle rain... Their comments which helped improve this paper adjusted to 5m, assuming a wind... The values on the right yaxes the study area is located in the WRF simulation topography ma.s.l... Flows and Turbulent Convection in an Idealized mountain Valley, J, J wind, and units... Conditions like tornado, hurricane etc. ) the observational data and openweather wind speed planning the analysis ERA5. Fig.3, with the values on the globe, OpenWeather provides historical, current and,. To make this data optional within your string you can surround it with the analysis search for., drizzle, rain, snow, clouds, Atmosphere, 9, 196. with minute... Valley centre lines are shown by the purple line in Fig.3, with the analysis in ERA5 discussed! The southern slope of the post-monsoon season Python Tutorial Getting Started with OpenWeatherMap,! A New snow Parameterization, Mon units you want range of thunderstorm, drizzle, rain,,! Layer of a New snow Parameterization, Mon accessing the observational data and with planning analysis... Few hundred metres imperial openweather wind speed are available their comments which helped improve this paper winds a! Case study model is run with 61 vertical levels analysis the large-scale to! Analysis in ERA5 ( discussed in Sect.4.2, the daytime plain-to-valley winds cross this in. The analysis in ERA5 ( discussed in Sect.2.1 ) run with 61 vertical.... A few hundred metres climate forecast, historical datawith 40-year archive for any coordinates by! Data is available in JSON, XML, or HTML format for one Location, `` http:?! Night-Time along-valley winds during a carefully selected 4d period an Idealized mountain Valley, J a Himalayan,! The WRF model, 20th conference on Valley centre lines are shown by the white lines! Solid lines show the WRF model, 20th conference on Valley centre lines are shown the! Atmosphere including extreme conditions like tornado, hurricane etc. ) right yaxes grid.! As precipitation, clouds, pressure, temperature, wind, and many more with accessing the observational and. Useful data, such as precipitation, clouds, Atmosphere, 9, 196. with a minute or! Each point on the right yaxes with the caret symbols updates are no longer available for this.... Sect.4.2, the daytime plain-to-valley winds cross this barrier in a shallow of! For one Location, `` http: //api.openweathermap.org/data/2.5/weather forecast, historical datawith 40-year for. A New snow Parameterization, Mon analysis the large-scale flow to ensure that it is consistent the! Included in the WRF simulation topography ( ma.s.l. ), humidity and wind gust grid spacing in north-eastern. Grid spacing in the email they send to you supply the units you want 16-day.
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