, Ethnicity was known in 99.7% of oral parole board hearings in the year ending March 2021. Thank you for your request. Having a SEN statement may indicate a higher level of need. theories are . Across the past 5 years, White defendants consistently had the highest guilty plea rate, at 79% in 2020, followed by defendants of the Mixed ethnic group at 73%, Chinese or Other ethnic groups at 72%, Asian at 68% and Black defendants at 66%. 87% of people in the UK are White, and 13% belong to a Black, Asian, Mixed or Other ethnic group (2011 Census data). The ethnic group question from the 2001 Census. In 2020, Black offenders made up 32% of the prison population for under-18-year olds, despite accounting for only 13% of the whole prison population. , Senior roles are as follows: CPS - Senior Legal Manager and Senior Civil Servant; MoJ Senior Civil Servant; HMPPS - Senior Civil Servant; Police - Chief Inspector, Superintendent, Chief Superintendent, and Chief Officers; Judiciary High Court Judges, Heads of Division and Lord Justices of Appeal. The ACSL for sexual offences varied by ethnic group. Ethnicity refers to an identity based on belonging to a group defined by common cultural or national traditions. Proportion of sentence served is affected by factors such as offence mix and behaviour in prison. in the year ending March 2020, 13% of people aged 16 and over said they had been the victim of a crime at least once in the last year. Fast Forward to the 21st century, and the criminological debate about race and crime now centred on the involvement of Black young people in street gangs. For the majority of the report, no controls have been applied for other characteristics of ethnic groups (such as average income, geography, offence mix or offender history), so it is not possible to determine what proportion of differences identified in this report are directly attributable to ethnicity. Sociologists consider both why this might be and also . The 2001 Census ethnicity question included Mixed ethnicity; this made the question more acceptable and relevant, though one downside was that it made it hard to compare with 1991 Census results, for some groups. Judiciary: The proportion of White judges has fallen by 1.9 pp, between 2017 and 2021, driven mainly by an increase in the proportion of practitioners from Asian (1.5 pp) and Mixed (0.6 pp) ethnic groups[footnote 97]. Figure 8.04: Proportion of prosecutions for selected drug offences, by ethnicity, 2020, England and Wales. In this section, where there are statistically significant differences between groups to the 95% level, this will be stated. The Asian ethnic group (2%) were significantly less likely than the White ethnic group (4%) to be victims of a personal crime, whilst the Mixed ethnic group (7%) were significantly more likely. Drug offences accounted for 21% of all prosecutions and 22% of all convictions for all indictable offences in 2020. Other sources in this chapter include Criminal Courts Statistics and Legal Aid Statistics. In 2020, 52% of Black defendants were remanded in custody, compared to 36% of White defendants. Drug offences accounted for 40% of convictions for Black offenders, 39% for Asian offenders, 32% for Mixed ethnicity offenders, 31% for Chinese or Other ethnic groups, and 19% for White offenders. Asian offenders had a longer ACSL for drug offences compared to all other ethnic groups, which ranged from 31.8 to 39.8 months. Representation of ethnic groups at different stages of the criminal justice process: black people made up 2.8 per cent of the UK population but accounted for 14.1% of stops and searches and 8.8% of . Conversely, higher proportions of clients from ethnic minority groups received representation for indictable trials at 30% for Asian, 36% for Black and 36% for Mixed compared to 27% for White. The largest difference was observed in the Black ethnic group, which saw a 3 percentage point difference between custody rate and controlled custody rate, at 33% and 36% respectively. The proportions of ethnic groups in the prison population has remained stable across the past 5 years. Government data about the UK's different ethnic groups. Larger proportions of defendants from Black, Asian and Chinese or Other ethnic groups who were remanded in custody were acquitted or not tried (ranging from 13% to 15%) compared with defendants of White and Mixed ethnicities (9% and 10% respectively). We use some essential cookies to make this website work. In 2019/20, 10% of adults . More detailed information on the reforms can be found at the following: SEND code of practice: 0 to 25 years. , Further custody rate figures can be found here: Criminal justice system statistics quarterly: December 2020 - GOV.UK (www.gov.uk), The overall increase in ACSL may be due to a change in sentencing guidelines. A greater number of children in prison were from minority ethnic groups. Email: CJS_Statistics@justice.gov.uk, Alternative formats are available on request from ESD@justice.gov.uk, Population estimates for 2016 as provided in data accompanying the Research report on population estimates by ethnic group and religion. Figure 7.04: Average custodial sentence length (ACSL) for indictable offences, by age and ethnicity, England and Wales, 2016/20. , Overall pupil population referring to cohort 2014/15. A further review by Haylock et al in 2020 of risk factors associated with weapon-related crime for young people aged 10 to 24 within the UK strengthens both of these reports. Individuals from the Black ethnic group were proportionally less likely to be sentenced to immediate custody in 2020. Police officers have the power to stop and search individuals under different pieces of legislation. The most frequent method of killing in homicides with Asian victims was Strangulation (38%), closely followed by sharp instrument (35%). , A suspect in a homicide case is defined as either: a person who has been arrested in respect of an offence initially classified as homicide and charged with homicide, including those who were subsequently convicted or a person who is suspected by the police of having committed the offence but is known to have died or committed suicide prior to arrest or being charged. The greatest disparity appears at the point of stop and search, custodial remands and prison population. , A permanent exclusion refers to a pupil who is excluded and who will not come back to that school (unless the exclusion is overturned). , Court Orders can contain more than one requirement. In 2020, White defendants had the highest guilty plea rate for sexual offences, at 95%. In certain instances, data has been used for years that are not impacted by restrictions but in place in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Location: England and Wales. This chapter reports on the trends in the composition of staff and practitioners throughout the CJS by ethnicity [footnote 90]. Figure 1.01: Ethnicity proportions for adults throughout the criminal justice system, 2020. , More information of ethnic group classifications can be found in Appendix I, Officer identified ethnicity can refer to ethnicity recorded by any third party, such as a police officer, clerk or a member of the data entry team. If you have any feedback about the changes referred to in the introduction, or the report more generally, please contact the production team through the Justice Statistics Analytical Services division of the Ministry of Justice: The total number of all arrests (where ethnicity is known) decreased by 21% between 2016/17 and 2020/21; this decrease was relatively consistent across most ethnic groups. Limitations of Current Statistical Information The police in all States and Terri-tories are a major source of crime statistics, but these statistics refer only to crimes reported to and/or detected by police. For White adult offenders, the reoffending rate was highest for those aged 35-39 at 35%. This may partly reflect the different distributions of ethnic groups in the population in different locations, as London is more ethnically diverse than England and Wales as a whole. Black and Mixed ethnicity prisoners were disproportionately represented across all younger age groups, making up 21% and 8% respectively of all prisoners aged under 25. This chapter looks at the interaction between ethnicity, sex, age, offending history, and reoffending throughout the Criminal Justice System[footnote 62]. , For 2014/15, following SEN reforms, SEN pupils are categorised as SEN with a statement or Education, health and care (EHC) plan and SEN support. The Ministry of Justice would welcome any feedback on the content, presentation or on any other aspect of this bulletin we can be contacted through: , Where ethnicity and protected characteristic was known, not controlling for offence mix. Over the past 5 years, custody rates have largely converged across ethnic groups. This section looks at the proportion of determinate[footnote 50] sentence served[footnote 51]. Figure 5.03: Proportions of remand status by ethnic groups at Crown Court, 2020, England and Wales. Five-year trends have been presented wherever possible. Despite the large decrease in both prosecutions and convictions over the past 5 years, proportions across ethnic groups have remained stable. This was a higher proportion than any other ethnic group, for example, only 10% of arrests of White suspects were for drug offences. In 2020, minority ethnic children also had a higher proportion remanded in custody, had a higher custody rate and received on average longer custodial sentences. Therefore, users should be careful when comparing cohort 2015/16 and earlier to subsequent annual figures. The largest proportionate change was seen in prosecutions of White defendants, decreasing from 79% of all prosecutions to 76% (resulting in a 1% proportionate increase across all ethnic minority groups). In the three-year period from 2017/18 to 2019/20, the most frequent location for homicides with White or Asian victims was in and around the house (53% and 41%, respectively), whereas those with victims from Black or Other ethnic groups were more likely to take place on the street (including footpaths/alleyways; 60% and 48%, respectively). This section looks at the Pre-Sentence Reports (PSRs) received and the agreement (concordance) between recommendations made in PSRs and sentences issued at court, and whether they differ between ethnic groups. By ethnicity and socio-economic group. pleasant grove high school / staff directory; dr omar suleiman wife esraa; ontario road trip summer; song baseball apple; waltham athletic club tennis schedule; ethnicity and crime statistics uk 2020. there were 7.5 stop and searches for every 1,000 white people, compared with 52.6 for every 1,000 black people. . High levels of missing ethnicity data would be of concern, both in terms of sample sizes and the risk of systematic bias. Similarly, Asian males accounted for a higher proportion of all male prosecutions and convictions at 7%, compared to Asian females, accounting for 2%, of all female prosecutions. The Black ethnic group had the highest proportion of defendants remanded in custody, at 52%, whereas the White ethnic group had the lowest, at 36%. Her Majestys Inspectorate of Prisons for England & Wales (HMI Prisons) aims to ensure independent inspection of places of detention, report on conditions and treatment, and promote positive outcomes for those detained and the public. This is an increase of 5 pp since 2019; a difference likely due to the prioritisation of non-jury trials as a result of COVID-19 restrictions . There was a decrease in the proportion of stop and searches conducted on Black individuals in London, from 36% in 2016/17 to 32% in 2020/21. In 2020, of all defendants remanded in custody for indictable offences at Crown Court, 77% were sentenced to immediate custody; an increase from 72% in 2016. It examines offenders' characteristics as reported by . The proportion of White victims decreased by 7 percentage points (pp) since the previous three-year period (2014/15 to 2016/17), with corresponding increases in the proportions of victims from Black (up 3pp), Asian (up 2pp), and Other (up 2pp) ethnic groups. In 2020, the custody rate was highest for the Chinese or Other ethnic group, at 64% and lowest for the Mixed ethnic group at 48%. The number of stop and searches carried out by police has risen by 24% to almost 700,000 in a single year, with officers using the tactic on the . Flexible payment options include Deferred Payments, Ramped Payments, and Equal Monthly or Quarterly . Violence against the person offences have accounted for the largest proportion of total arrests (where ethnicity is known) since 2017/18, at 42% in 2020/21. See table 6.02 for all proportions of determinate sentences served. Data on prosecutions and convictions by ethnicity is collected by the Home Office and published by the Ministry of Justice. In comparison, these age groups accounted for 6% of victims from the White, 17% from Asian and 27% from Other ethnic groups. Whilst the reoffending rate for Black offenders was highest, White reoffenders had the highest average number of reoffences per reoffender at 4.1 reoffences. Across all minority ethnic groups, the most common reason for arrest was violence against the person, followed by drug offences. ACSL was consistently lower for White defendants from 2016 to 2020, at 19.6 months in 2020, compared to 28.6 for Asian defendants (46% longer), 26.8 for Black defendants (37% longer), and 24.4 for both defendants of Mixed and Chinese or Other ethnicity groups (25% longer). On the basis of self-report studies, Graham and Bowling (1995) concluded that people from certain ethnic backgrounds like Black (43%) and White (44%) had similar crime rates, whereas others like Asians had comparatively lower crime rates - Indians (30%), Pakistanis (28%), and Bangladeshis (13%). The proportion of suspects stopped and searched remained relatively stable across most ethnic groups, with a decrease from 21% to 17% for the Black ethnic group. The proportion of male homicides was highest in the Black ethnic group (89%), followed by the Other ethnic group (77%), and the Asian ethnic group (68%). Over the last five years the proportion of children from ethnic minority groups sentenced to immediate custody has increased from 36% in 2016 to 43% in 2020. Periodically, political and media discourse focuses on the myth of 'Black on Black crime', or the supposed threat of young Black men to safety of the presumed law-abiding majority. , A SEN statement is a document which sets out a childs SEN and any additional help that the child should receive. The most recent figures in this publication show the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on criminal court prosecutions and outcomes following guidance and restrictions since March 2020. Over the last 5 years, the rates of arrests following stop and searches for all ethnic groups continued to converge. The following offence groups will be of particular focus: As noted in the introduction, comparisons across ethnic groups do not account for previous offending history, detailed offence mix and other offender characteristics and that should be considered when interpreting results in this section. There were a total of 426 homicides in London, where ethnicity of the victim was recorded, in the three-year period (2017/18 to 2019/20). This method accounted for 69% of homicides with Black victims, but only 35% of those with White victims. It will take only 2 minutes to fill in. The areas of focus include: Victimisation; Police Activity; Defendants and Court Outcomes; Offender Management; Offender Characteristics; Offence Analysis; and Practitioners. Search. 0.6489795918367347 0.64323607427055707 in year ending March 2021, there were 124,091 hate crimes recorded by the police in England and Wales; of which there were 92,052 race hate crimes, 6,377 religious hate crimes, 18,596 sexual . 2,574 White, 355 Black, 296 Asian, 226 Mixed and 107 prisoners from Other ethnic groups completed the questionnaires. Figure 5.08: Relative Rate Index (RRI): Defendants who entered a guilty plea per all that entered a plea at Crown Court, 2016 2020, England and Wales. Previously, these officers have been counted under the Chinese or Other ethnic group. Most of the racism in America has been between the whites against the blacks and . Stop and search is an important detection tool for the police it allows officers to search individuals without an arrest taking place[footnote 27]. Recommendations can also be made for a prisoner to remain in the open prison estate. Guilty plea rate (GPR) has increased across all ethnic groups across the past 5 years, showing a sharp rise since 2018. In 2020, 45% of all defendants prosecuted for drug offences at Crown Court were remanded in custody . The most common sentence given for indictable offences across all ethnic groups was immediate custody, accounting for 35% of all offenders sentenced in 2020 (where ethnicity is known). During this three-year period, 38% of Black homicide victims were of age 20 or younger; 13% of White, 24% of Asian and 33% of Other ethnicity homicide victims were in this age group. Arrests were the principal outcome in 12% of stop and searches, community resolutions in 7% and other outcomes in 6% . This is especially apparent when comparing to the ethnic breakdown of the population of England and Wales[footnote 1]. Single Parent Families are more common among African-Caribbean Families, which may be related to higher rates of crime In 2007 Almost half the black children in Britain were being raised by single parents. Figure 3.01: Percentage of adults who reported as victims of a CSEW personal crime by ethnic group, England and Wales 2015/16 and 2019/20[footnote 12]. As this data is now several years old it may not accurately represent the distribution of ethnic groups in the population, particularly for children when comparing to 2018 CJS figures. They have been excluded from all analyses in this chapter. This highlights that controlling for offence mix reduces the disparity between ethnic groups. These proportions have remained broadly consistent across the last 5 years. 2, See technical guide for further information relating to the impact of COVID-19 on the courts. Since 2015/16, the percentage of adults who were victims of a personal crime once or more, excluding fraud and computer misuse, remained stable at 4%. We routinely publish data from the CSEW giving the prevalence of crime victimisation broken down according to the ethnicity of the victim. Some Sociologists have suggested that cultural differences, especially differences in family life, may be responsible for underlying differences in offending between ethnic groups. They include statistics on: Victims of crime, Police activity (stops and searches, and arrests), Overall, 81% of defendants who were remanded in custody at Crown Court for drug offences went on to receive an immediate custodial sentence. These proportions have remained relatively stable over the last 5 years. In 2020, of the defendants prosecuted, 76% were White, 12% were Black, 7% were Asian, 4% were of Mixed ethnicity groups, and 2% were Chinese or Other ethnic groups. A technical document titled A Guide to Statistics on Ethnicity and the Criminal Justice System is available alongside this report, which provides users with information on the concepts and terminology used within the report, as well as information about data sources, data quality and references. White prisoners reported more positive relationships with staff, with 80% reporting feeling that they were treated with respect by staff, in comparison to 63% of prisoners from Mixed ethnic groups. overall, men were 6 times as likely to . In 2020/21, White suspects accounted for 76% of arrests, 10% were for Black suspects, 8% were for Asian suspects, 4% were for Mixed ethnicity suspects and 2% were for Other ethnicity suspects. Figure 6.05: Requirements commenced under community orders and suspended sentence orders by ethnicity and requirement, England and Wales, 2020. 13.2% of the UK prison population is black compared with their being 2.8% of the over 15 population. The proportion of Black young offenders eligible for FSM (72%) sentenced to more than 12 months in custody was significantly higher than the proportion for White young offenders (62%). While the statistics recorded the instances of . Together, these five offence groups equate to 97% of all prosecutions and convictions for indictable drug offences where ethnicity is known. The number of prosecutions for drug offences has decreased by 15% in the past 5 years. The proportion of police officers from minority ethnic groups has increased from 6.3% to 7.6% between 2017 and 2021[footnote 95]. This overall increase in guilty plea rates of defendants dealt with in the latest year is due to restrictions courts faced on progressing jury trials (not-guilty pleas) as a result of the response to COVID-19. The statistics reported in this bulletin are primarily National Statistics[footnote 7], as drawn from either other published National Statistics bulletins or the data underpinning them. Police officers: The proportion of White practitioners is highest for police officers of all the CJS organisations at 92.4%[footnote 94]. , The Police National Computer has a 6+1 ethnicity classification. The total prison population in England and Wales was 79,000 on 30th June 2020, the lowest in 14 years. This has remained relatively stable across the past 5 years and across ethnic groups. This varied by ethnic group; in 2020, 81% of White offenders who were remanded in custody went on to receive an immediate custodial sentence, compared to 79% of Asian offenders and 70% of Black offenders . As outlined in the defendants chapter, drug offences accounted for the highest proportion of convictions within each ethnic group except for White offenders. Because of this, the statistics presented in this report cannot present the typical experience of a person of a particular ethnic group, but it can highlight areas where further investigation or research may be warranted when looking at differences between ethnic groups. Further information on the following topics related to offender management are available online: Safety in Custody, Substance Misuse Treatment Programmes, Offender Learning. The largest change in the proportion of staff was a 1.2 pp increase in the Asian ethnic group[footnote 93]. Figure 7.01: Proportion of prosecutions for Indictable offences by sex and ethnicity, England and Wales, 2020. Despite the large decrease in . In contrast, for White offenders those aged 35 to 39 had the highest proportion of offenders reoffending. Overall, of the young offenders sentenced/ cautioned, a larger proportion of Black offenders (18%) had been permanently excluded, compared to White (14%), Asian (9%) and Other (9%) offenders[footnote 79]. , See Appendix II for concordance in ethnicity reporting between these sources, More information on Relative Rate Indexes can be found in the technical guide. In comparison to the period 2011/12 to 2013/14, homicides increased 25%, with a 4pp increase in the proportion of victims from the Black ethnic group, whilst the proportion of those from the White ethnic group decreased 6pp. , The Homicide in England and Wales - Office for National Statistics (ons.gov.uk) publication utilises 2016 population estimates to derive homicide rates relative to the population. In 2020/21, 19% of arrests of Black suspects were for drug offences. These research outputs are not official statistics on the population. The reoffending rate among children was higher for the Black ethnic group at 45% and has consistently been higher over the last five years than the White (39%), Asian (35%) and Other (34%) ethnic groups. In the rest of England and Wales, stop and search arrests accounted for 8% of total arrests, increasing from 4% in 2016/17. Of those who received a suspended sentence order, higher proportions of White and Mixed ethnicity offenders received rehabilitation requirements[footnote 60], whereas higher proportions of Black, Asian and Chinese or Other ethnicity offenders received unpaid work requirements. Over the last 5 years, there has been a decrease in the proportion of stop and searches conducted on Black individuals in London, from 36% in 2016/17 to 32% in 2020/21. Of all children sentenced to immediate custody in the last 5 years, White children had the shortest ACSL at 16.8 months and Mixed children had the longest ACSL at 21.1 months. Main facts and figures. The overall custody rate for drug offences has increased from 21% in 2016 to 25% in 2020. The latest data available during the compilation of this report have been included. Sharp and Budd (2005) noted that the 2003 offending, crime and justice survey of 12,000 people found that whites and mixed ethnicity were more . See police activity chapter for more information on stop and searches. , Caution must be taken with interpreting data from the Chinese or Other group as the population size is very small. There was a greater number of male than female homicide victims in all ethnic groups. , Self-declared from HR records reported table 3_1_JO_Appt in the Judicial Diversity Statistics, 2021 publication, the quoted figure covers all court judges; Judicial Diversity Statistics 2017. 1037 1037 0 1243-206. A significantly higher proportion of Black offenders with SEN, without statement, received a 12-month sentence or less (71%), compared to White offenders (60%). Ministry of Justice: Between 2016 and 2020, there has been an increase of 1.3 percentage points (pp) in the proportion of staff from the Asian ethnic group and a decrease of 1.6 pp in the proportion of staff from the White ethnic group[footnote 91]. Figure 7.08: Proportion of young offenders matched to a KS4 attainment record in academic years 2013/14 and 2014/15, by ethnicity, in England (Source: Table 7.1 and Table CH1). High proportions of prisoners from all ethnic groups reported that they knew what the COVID restrictions were in the prison and that reasons for restrictions had been explained to them. The defendant can be directed to appear in court or remanded on bail or in custody. Outcomes for minority ethnic children are often more pronounced than White children at various points of the CJS. The processes by which other revisions will be communicated and published. It published the data today in new crime figures showing there were 695 homicides in the year . Within ethnic groups, Black defendants had the largest proportion of prosecutions for this offence in each of the past 5 years. Custody Rate and Average Custodial Sentence Length (ACSL). Within the Ministry of Justices statistical publications there can be three main reasons for statistics to be revised: Changes in how either source administrative systems collect information or a change in statistical methodology to improve accuracy and measurement. , For more information, see Crime in England and Wales: year ending March 2020. Where differences are not referred to as being statistically significant these are either not statistically significantly different, or differences have not been tested. This trend has fluctuated across the past 5 years. Black and Other ethnicity suspects had the highest proportion of stop and searches where nothing was found (both 76%), followed by Asian suspects (74%). In general, minority ethnic groups appear to be over-represented at many stages throughout the CJS compared with the White ethnic group. The proportion of total arrests for which theft offences account has been decreasing over this period (20 to 13%) with a corresponding increase in the proportion accounted for by drug offences (9 to 12%). Where there are multiple suspects if any conviction information is available the suspect with the longest sentence or most severe conviction is determined to be the principal suspect. The Ministry of Justice aims to avoid the need for revisions to publications unless they are absolutely necessary and put systems and processes in place to minimise the number of revisions. , New methodology introduced in the 2015/16 cohort, used to measure proven reoffending, reduced twelve-monthly cohort to a three-monthly cohort and changed data source following probation services reforms. 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