After the siege of Helice and betrayed by local allies, Hamilcar retreated and drowned while crossing a river in the winter of 229/228 BCE. [17] During one of the raids, when troops under a subordinate commander named Bodostor engaged in plunder against the orders of Hamilcar and suffered severe casualties when the Romans caught up to them, Hamilcar requested a truce to bury his dead. Hamilcar broke off the second siege of Carthage by Mathos and headed inland where a rebel army awaited him. Hamirukaru Barukasu) (also: Hamical Balcus, Hamilcar Valkus) known as Barcas 'The Elder' (, Barukasu ), he is one of the main antagonists of Guyver: Bioboosted Armour and the co-founder of Chronos, the third eldest member of theCouncil of Twelve, as well as Chronos's most brilliant scientist. World History Foundation is a non-profit organization registered in Canada. It was probably some distance from Carthage because, while Hamilcar blockaded the valley exits and waited for the rebels to starve, Matho's army at Tunis did not intervene although the trapped rebels held out awaiting his arrival. Using a blend of terror and diplomacy Hamilcar relentlessly expanded his control over southern Spain. He held command (247-41) during the first Punic War and established Carthaginian influence in Spain (237-?228) found: The Encyclopedia Americana, c1992: p. 736 (Hamilcar Barca, d. 229 B.C. Hannibal, (born 247 bce, North Africadied c. 183-181 bce, Libyssa, Bithynia [near Gebze, Turkey]), Carthaginian general, one of the great military leaders of antiquity, who commanded the Carthaginian forces against Rome in the Second Punic War (218-201 bce) and who continued to oppose Rome and its satellites until his death. [60], According to another line of thought,[61] Hamilcars army marched in three separate columns, with the war elephants placed nearest the rebel army. There, after several skirmishes, Hamilcar cornered the enemy at 'the Saw' (Prion), a ridge in the Libyan mountains. Valens reckless failure in diplomacy and battle with the goths sent the Western Roman empire down the path to hell. HAMILCAR. The rebel loss was 8,000 dead with 4,000 captured. He made no attempt to join Hanno near Utica. [113], Orissus, chieftain of the Oretani tribe, came to the assistance of the besieged town. World History Encyclopedia. Hamilcar had at least three daughters and at least three sons. His son was Hannibal, famous for his exploits during the Second Punic War. He is of average height for a gladiator, has tawny skin, and well-trimmed black hair with a small beard. [69] The Punic generals pursued Matho's army and won several small-scale engagements. Home Team History on Should Black Me. [19] Hamilcar was in command of a mercenary army composed of multiple nationalities and his ability to successfully lead this force demonstrates his skill as field commander. Sicily. Still, without a significant force at his disposal (fewer than 20,000 men) and despite Polybius' praise that he was the best Carthaginian general of the war, Hamilcar's effect on the conflict was ultimately a limited one. He was the father of Hannibal Barca who continued his father's tactics and won major land battles in Italy during the Second Punic War. He then quashed a rebellion closer to home between 241 and 237 BCE before returning abroad, where he successfully expanded Carthaginian interests in southern Spain. Then the enterprising Hamilcar Barca came to the fore. 50 Carthaginian ships were sunk, 70 captured and 10,000 prisoners taken. Hamilcar Barca or Barcas (c. 275 228 BC) was a Carthaginian general and statesman, leader of the Barcid family, and father of Hannibal, Hasdrubal and Mago. Hamilcar Barca, Kartacallarn lideri olan Hamilcar Barca, Roma'ya kar Sicilya adasnda baarl mcadeleler gstermitir. The Book of Inventions; Thomas J. Craughwell; 2008. Hamilcar Barca ( #89-A-8926 ) < Previous Employment Profile Next Employment Profile > Employment; Skills. The Punic Wars were a series of conflicts fought between Carthage Hannibal (also known as Hannibal Barca, l. 247-183 BCE) was a Carthaginian Carthaginian warfare has been overshadowed by defeat to Rome in Punic Wars by Bagnall, Nigel [Hardcover ], Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. Hamilcar Barca was a member of the Barcid clan of Carthage and the father of Hannibal Barca, Rome's most notorious enemy, who crossed the Alps and caused havoc in Italy in the Second Punic War (218 - 201 BCE). License. Syracuse redoubled the volume of supplies sent to Carthage. As the strain on the Punic population increased, Carthaginian authorities then sent them off to Sicca, planning to plead with the whole army to forgo their unpaid wages by pointing out the dire financial situation of Carthage. Rome forbade Italian traders to trade with rebels and encouraged trade with Carthage, freed Punic prisoners without ransom, and allowed Carthage to recruit mercenaries from Roman territories and flatly refused the invitation from Utica, Hippo and Sardinia to occupy these areas. Four years of constant campaigns, details of which are not known, saw Hamilcar subdue the area between Gades and Cape Nao. [62] Hamilcar occupied the bridge, then established control over the surrounding region. While Hamilcar campaigned in Iberia, Rome was entangled in Sardinia, Corsica and Liguria, where the natives had put up stiff resistance against Roman occupation campaigns had been fought in these areas between 236 231 BC to retain and expand Roman dominion. At this point, the Carthaginian senate reinstated Hanno and forced Hamilcar to share command. They chose Hamilcar. [29] Hamilcar continued his activities unhindered from his position for another two years, being supplied by road from Drepana,[32] although Carthaginian ships had been withdrawn from Sicily by this time and no naval raids were launched. [9] The situation changed when the surprise attack on the Carthaginian fleet met defeat at the Battle of Drepana[10] and the following Carthaginian victory at the Battle of Phintias; the Romans were all but swept from the sea. He was born in 247 BC to Hamilcar Barca who was also a chief in the Carthaginian army. The political clout of the incumbent leaders was probably weakened by the defeat in the First Punic War, their mismanagement of the Mercenary troops and finally the Sardinia Affair. Elsewhere, things did not go so well. Please support World History Encyclopedia. Mago and Hasdrubal were his younger brothers. Had Hamilcar suffered a decisive defeat, casualties and prisoners would have diminished their numbers and Carthage would have had an excuse not to pay anything. America's Black dilemma [Barca, Hamilcar] on Amazon.com. The riches from these campaigns were channelled back to Carthage. They had long since had control of the old Phoenician colonies there, and it had already proven a rich source of silver. Updates? Hamilcar probably fought an inconclusive battle at Drepanum,[22] but there is cause to doubt this.[24]. However, the constant skirmishing without ultimate victory may have caused the morale of some of Hamilcar's troops to crack and 1,000 Celtic mercenaries tried to betray the Punic camp to the Romans, which was foiled. This loss was not huge, but after decades of war, it drove the cash-strapped Carthaginians to instruct Hamilcar to seek peace terms. The Book of War; Dwight Jon Zimmerman; 2008. Finally, when the Carthaginian Senate was unable to decide between Hamilcar and Hanno, the people's assembly left it to the army to decide on their Commander in Chief, and Hamilcar Barca was elected to sole command. was a great Carthaginian general and statesman in the First Punic War who firmly established Carthaginian rule in Spain. Hamilcar was a young man of 28 when he received the Sicilian command in 247 BC. Submitted by Mark Cartwright, published on 01 June 2016. Autaritus announced that he would do the same with all Punic prisoners that fell into rebel hands in future. The Carthaginian government then raised an army of 10,000 soldiers and 70 elephants and put Hamilcar Barca in command. By this time he had three daughters, and his son Hannibal was born during the same year. While he may appear to be an old man, he is one of the most powerful of the Twelve Zoalords, the co-founder of Cronos and its leading scientist. Hamilcar Barca: Hannibal Barca is the son of General Hamiclar Barca of Carthage. vol. Best walking boots for men and women for 2023, tested by experts. Hamilcar's sons, Hannibal and Hasdrubal, had accompanied him. Hamilcar Barca was a daring, intelligent young man. 68, 69, Punica Barcino, Goldsworthy, Adrian, The Fall of Carthage, pp95, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hamilcar_Barca&oldid=1118409183, Carthaginian commanders of the First Punic War, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2018, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Articles with German-language sources (de), Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. Il mata ensuite une rbellion plus proche de chez lui entre 241 et 237 av. Neither side should make war on the other's allies, or seek to change their allegiance by allying with them directly or interfering with their internal affairs. She apparently was from Lisbon. Hamilcar died in battle, most likely drowning in the Jucar River while besieging a place called Helice and trying to escape from a Celtiberian army. Hamilcar Barca: The Life and Legacy of the Legendary Carthaginian General Kindle Edition by Charles River Editors (Author) Format: Kindle Edition 5 ratings See all formats and editions Kindle $0.00 Read with Kindle Unlimited to also enjoy access to over 3 million more titles $3.99 to buy Paperback $8.99 1 Used from $10.20 4 New from $8.99 Department of History 106 Dulles Hall 230 Annie & John Glenn Avenue Columbus, OH 43210. When his troops rushed towards the retreating Carthaginians, Spendius was either unable to control them or believed that the Carthaginians were fleeing and encouraged his forces' pursuit. In 231 BC, a Roman embassy visited Hamilcar in Spain to inquire about his activities. Hanno the Great was given command of the Punic army, which was raised from Carthaginian citizens and mercenaries recruited from abroad, plus cavalry squadrons and 100 elephants. In an effort to reestablish their position, they decided to make a scapegoat of Hamilcar Barca. Furthermore, Hamilcar had invited Hanno the Great to join forces and try to end the rebellion as quickly as possible, but the generals failed to cooperate. The Carthaginian leadership probably thought Rome had been defeated and invested little manpower in Sicily. Hannibal Barca was born in Carthage (present-day Tunisia) in approximately 247 B.C. All his family members were employed in the army and made major contributions to . J.-C.) tait un gnral carthaginois actif lors de la premire guerre punique (264-241 av. In the end in 237 bc Hamilcar won the war and in spite of his promises he had the leaders of the rebels crucified. He was assigned the command in Sicily in 247 in the First Punic War (see Punic Wars). Hamilcar had three sons, Hannibal, Hasdrubal and Mago, who were all to have distinguished military careers. Carthage sent a mercenary force under Hanno to retake the island in 239 BC, but this group also rebelled, killing Hanno and their Carthaginian officers and joining the rebels in Sardinia. Rebels opposing this were stoned and Gisco and his fellow prisoners were tortured to death. Carthage often hauled defeated generals and admirals before the Tribunal of 100 and had them crucified, so Hamilcar probably distanced himself from the possibility of prosecution if the Roman terms turned out to be harsh enough for Carthaginian authorities to seek a scapegoat. After the trapped rebels ran out of food, pack animals and cavalry horses and finally resorted to cannibalism, Spendius, Autaritus and Zarzas, accompanied by seven others, went to Hamilcar's camp to seek terms. Cartwright, Mark. Moored in the water, we can see a large . The Iberians had support from Celtiberian tribes and were under the command of two chieftains, Istolatios and his brother. Cite This Work [89] Hasdrubal the Fair and Hannibal, then a child of nine, accompanied Hamilcar; it is not known who led Hamilcar's supporters in Carthage in the absence of Hamilcar and Hasdrubal. Hamilcar Barca Kordas (Public Domain) Hamilcar Barca (c. 285 - c. 228 BCE) was a Carthaginian general active in the First Punic War (264-241 BCE). Hamilcar crucified Spendius and other rebel hostages outside Tunis to terrorize Matho, but this backfired when the rebels were able to surprise and defeat Hannibal's army due to their lax discipline. [15] Carthage did not take advantage of their naval supremacy and carry the war to Italy other than launching a few raids. One of coins found in Italy, near the battle site of Lake Trasimene where Hannibals Carthaginian Army defeated the Romans, shows an African man on one side with the characteristic strong African features such as curly hair, thick lips, and full nose; on the coins opposite side shows an elephant. Discover Hamilcar Barca: The Life and Legacy of the Legendary Carthaginian General by Charles River Editors and millions of other books available at Barnes & Noble. According . Hamilcar exited the valley and, after a hard-fought battle, defeated the army of Spendius. From mountain bases near Palermo he made repeated raids on the Romans and relieved the Punic garrison in Lilybaeum. Nothing is known of Hamilcar before he was given command of the Carthaginian forces in Sicily in 247 during the First Punic War. Envoys were sent to Hamilcar demanding an explanation. He may have been responsible for creating the strategy which his son Hannibal implemented in the Second Punic War to bring the Roman Republic close to defeat. Hasdrubal the Fair then took over command of the Carthaginian army. Hamilcar refused and slaughtered all of them except for the commanders. [4] Unfortunately Tony Bath omits references. When the rebel leaders agreed to the terms, Hamilcar detained the rebel delegation. The second daughter was married to Hasdrubal the Fair. The following 13 files are in this category, out of 13 total. Carthage was a mixture of indigenous black Africans, Berber tribesmen, Semitic Arabs, white Celtic Germanic warriors, Greek sojourners, and white Libyan tribesmen that existed when many Phoenician cities and colonies decorated North Africa. Omissions? The Carthaginian state was led by the landed aristocracy at the time, and they preferred to expand across northern Africa instead of pursuing an aggressive policy in Sicily. Carthage will ransom all Punic prisoners, while all Roman prisoners would be freed without payment of ransom. [36] The better-trained Roman fleet[37] defeated a hastily raised, undermanned and ill-trained Punic fleet at battle of the Aegates Islands in 241 BC, cutting Sicily off from Carthage. [112] It is possible that Hamilcar died battling the Vettoni, who lived across the Tagus west of Toledo and to the north of Turduli and northwest of Oretani territory. Hamilcar next raided Locri in Bruttium and the area around Brindisi in 247 BC. Until the rise to power of his son Hannibal, Hamilcar was the finest commander and statesman that Carthage had produced. In 239 BCE a mercenary force took control of Sardinia and then defeated a Carthaginian army sent to re-take the island. Their choice to minimize the Sicilian operations while Hamilcar was in command, reduce the navy and support Hanno the Great's conquests in Africa, all of which were causes for the ultimate defeat of Carthage in the First Punic War. Hamilcar Barca. Punic survivors fled, and all their baggage was captured along with Hannibal and thirty Carthaginian senators. [31] He removed the population to Drepana. Last modified June 01, 2016. [6] The Romans rebuilt their fleet after losing 364 ships in a storm in 255 BC, added 220 new ships, and captured Panormus (modern Palermo) in 254 BC;[7] however, 150 ships were lost in another storm in 253 BC. [121] Without Punic records to cross reference, these remain mere supposition. [64] In response, Hamilcar began to harass the rebel supply lines and soon the rebels were placed in a state of siege. A rebel army awaited him to Drepana from Celtiberian tribes and were under the command of the tribe... 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